Found: Ofcom saw a similar pattern among older children aged 12–17: 74% were confident they could identify

Found: Ofcom saw a similar pattern among older children aged 12–17: 74% were confident they could identify

Found: musical career as a way for me to survive, to eat, to pay school fees or to put food on the table for my children

Found: A Yorkshire food system constituting regenerative and equitable healthy eating for young children

Found: A contributing factor to these low veg consumption figures in children is that parents are really

Found: Submission: It is my belief that, in order to prevent obesity, we must start before children are

Found: Orders, such as CPNs, are more likely to draw children into the criminal justice system and risk

Found: Further information In relation to children, see  Detection and custody APP.  

Found: was established in 1983 and currently advises more than 4,000 young people and parents/carers of children

Found: caseworker’s DBS certificate was at home and not in the office, and she was representing unaccompanied children

Found: survivors of trafficking and slavery - 98% of whom were refugees or migrants, 67% female; and 12% children

Found: Welfare benefits issues 26% 53% Issues relating to relationship breakdown (e.g. division of assets, children

Found: This ensures the best outcomes for children of separating parents.

Found: reform in order to maintain access to justice for parties to proceedings and third parties (such as children

Found: One of our senior family lawyers sums it up……… Children Act proceedings are complex proceedings where

Found: social services departments have paid the firm private fees for legal services in relation to children

Found: and three British children with her British husband.

Found: Introduction 1.CPAG is a charity that works on behalf of the more than one in four children in the

Question

To ask the Member for South West Bedfordshire, representing the Church Commissioners, whether he has made an assessment of the contribution of church schools in Hendon constituency.

Answered by Andrew Selous - Second Church Estates Commissioner

Though the National Church Institutions are not responsible for the operation of individual schools, the Diocese of London has volunteered the following information, which I hope is useful.

There are two Church of England schools in the Hendon Constituency.

St Mary’s and St John’s educates more than 1,600 pupils. One quarter are on free school meals, which is higher than the Local Authority average. Pupils are making above-average progress at an 8-level attainment of 0.39 compared with the national average of -0.03.

St Paul’s School Mill Hill educates 210 pupils. One fifth of pupils are in receipt of Free School Meals, in line with the Local Authority average. Pupils attainment is above-average; 84% attained the expected standard in Reading, Writing and Maths last summer compared to the national average of 60%.

I commend the teachers and leadership teams in both schools for these achievements.

The Church of England educates over one million children in its 4,700 schools across England. Church Schools are committed to the flourishing of children and deliver a rounded education that remains in high demand with parents. They serve all those in the community, whatever their faith or belief.

Question to the Home Office:

To ask His Majesty's Government what conditions exist in Rwanda that have led them to conclude that appropriate and professional age assessments will be capable of being carried out on people sent there for immigration purposes where special requirements apply in respect of an uncertainty over an individual’s age.

Answered by Lord Sharpe of Epsom - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Home Office)

Our age assessment policies for immigration purposes seek to protect genuine children and identify those who are adults.

The UK-Rwanda Treaty makes clear at Article 3 that the agreement reached between the governments of Rwanda and the UK does not cover unaccompanied children and that the UK Government shall not seek to relocate unaccompanied children under the age of 18. It is therefore only those individuals who are confirmed to be, or have been assessed to be, adults who will be removed to Rwanda.

We have already strengthened the age assessment process through measures introduced in the Nationality and Borders Act 2022.

Question to the Department for Education:

To ask His Majesty's Government, following statistics published on 21 March showing that the percentage of young carers who missed at least ten per cent of school is almost twice as high as that for pupils without caring responsibilities, what steps they are taking to improve the (1) identification of, and (2) support for, young carers in schools.

Answered by Baroness Barran - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Education)

Young carers make an enormous contribution by caring for their loved ones. The department wants to ensure young carers are supported in their education and can take advantage of opportunities beyond their caring responsibilities.

The department introduced The Young Carers (Needs Assessments) Regulations in 2015. This is an assessment of needs, conducted by the local authority which must consider whether it is appropriate or excessive for the child or young person to provide care for the person in question, in light of the young carer’s needs and wishes. It also helps to determine whether the care which the young carer provides, or intends to provide, impacts on the young carer’s well-being, education and development.

The department added young carers to the annual school census in 2023 for the first time and identified 38,983 young carers, raising their visibility in the school system and allowing schools to better identify and support their young carers. This is providing the department with strong evidence on both the numbers of young carers and their educational outcomes. This also provides an annual data collection to establish long-term trends.

As this is a new data collection, the department expects the quality of the data returns to improve over time as the collection becomes established. All schools (except nursery schools) must send this information as part of the spring school census. However, the recording and handling of the information is at the school’s discretion. 79% of schools recorded no young carers in 2023.

The department recognises that absence is often a symptom of other problems. The department has a comprehensive support-first strategy to improve attendance, which includes:

• Stronger expectations of schools, trusts and local authorities to work together to tackle absence, which is set out in guidance that will become statutory in August 2024.
• An attendance data tool allowing early identification and intervention of pupils at risk of persistent absence, which will become mandatory from September 2024.
• The Attendance Action Alliance of system leaders who are working to remove barriers to attendance.
• Appointing Rob Tarn as the new national attendance ambassador to work with school leaders to champion attendance as well as ten expert Attendance Advisers to support local authorities and trusts.
• Expanding the department’s attendance mentor pilot from 5 to 15 areas from September, backed by an additional £15 million and reaching 10,000 children.
• Doubling the number of lead attendance hubs, bringing the total to 32 which will see nearly 2,000 schools supported to tackle persistent absence.
• A national communications campaign aimed to highlight the benefits of attendance and target preventable odd days of absence linked to mild illness, mild anxiety and term-time holidays.

The department is also building a system of family help by reforming children’s social care. The £45 million Families First for Children Pathfinder programme is testing how multi-disciplinary family help teams can improve the support that children, families and young carers receive.

Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask His Majesty's Government what action they are taking to help the mental health of boys who were impacted by the lockdown restrictions.

Answered by Lord Markham - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)

We want to ensure that all children and young people get the mental health support they need, including boys.

By the end of 2023/24 the overall spending on mental health has increased by more than £4.7 billion in cash terms since 2018/19 (before the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were introduced).

There are now around 400 mental health support teams in place across England, covering 3.4 million children or around 35% of pupils in schools and colleges. We estimate this will increase to 44% by April 2024 and we are working to increase this coverage to 50% of pupils by March 2025.

There are also currently around 65 locally funded early support hubs in England. These hubs are open to those aged 11 to 25 years old and, importantly, they are for anyone who may not meet the threshold to receive National Health Service support. Following a competitive commercial process from hubs across the country, the government is now providing up to £8 million to 24 existing hubs to provide even more support. This means children and young people, including boys, who are experiencing feelings of anxiety or stress will have a physical space to go to in their community when their problems first emerge, without the need for a referral.

Question to the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office:

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of reports from UNICEF that the 2023–24 El Niño phenomenon has led to the president of Malawi declaring a state of disaster in 23 out of the 28 districts in the country.

Answered by Lord Benyon - Minister of State (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office)

We share UNICEF's assessment that the El Nino phenomenon has contributed to failed rains across Southern Africa, resulting in serious drought in both Zambia and Malawi, which in turn will have a serious impact on children and the most vulnerable. We welcome the swift actions of Presidents Hichilema (Zambia) and Chakwera (Malawi) in declaring a state of national disaster and emergency across Zambia and within 23 out of 28 districts in Malawi.

In Zambia, the UK is committing to the rapid expansion of the Social Cash Transfer scheme to reduce food insecurity for an additional 6 million people and pivoting our existing nutrition programmes to expand access to treatment. We deployed a UK Humanitarian Stabilisation Operations Team to support the Government of Zambia's drought response coordination. In Malawi, the UK has contributed to the Government's investment into disaster risk financing instruments which will provide an immediate response when triggered. The Malawian Government is currently preparing its own El Nino Response Plan which will outline further international assistance requirements. The UK will continue to monitor the situation closely.

Question to the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office:

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of reports from UNICEF that the 2023–24 El Niño phenomenon has led to the declaration of a national emergency in Zambia.

Answered by Lord Benyon - Minister of State (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office)

We share UNICEF's assessment that the El Nino phenomenon has contributed to failed rains across Southern Africa, resulting in serious drought in both Zambia and Malawi, which in turn will have a serious impact on children and the most vulnerable. We welcome the swift actions of Presidents Hichilema (Zambia) and Chakwera (Malawi) in declaring a state of national disaster and emergency across Zambia and within 23 out of 28 districts in Malawi.

In Zambia, the UK is committing to the rapid expansion of the Social Cash Transfer scheme to reduce food insecurity for an additional 6 million people and pivoting our existing nutrition programmes to expand access to treatment. We deployed a UK Humanitarian Stabilisation Operations Team to support the Government of Zambia's drought response coordination. In Malawi, the UK has contributed to the Government's investment into disaster risk financing instruments which will provide an immediate response when triggered. The Malawian Government is currently preparing its own El Nino Response Plan which will outline further international assistance requirements. The UK will continue to monitor the situation closely.

Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the extent to which the 2021 NICE guidance for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has been implemented (1) in general, and (2) in relation to the training health and social care professionals on how to employ the new recommendations, (a) establishing a UK-wide network of hospital-based ME/CFS specialist services, (b) making all NHS services accessible and capable of providing personalised ongoing care and support to those with ME/CFS, and (c) ensuring social care provision for ME/CFS is monitored and regularly reviewed.

Answered by Lord Markham - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)

No formal assessment has been made of the extent to which the 2021 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance for myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), has been implemented.

NHS England does not centrally commission services for ME. Services to support people living with ME are commissioned by integrated care boards (ICBs) to meet the needs of their local population, and are not reviewed or assessed by NHS England centrally. In October 2023, the British Association of Clinicians in ME published their ME/CFS National Services Survey 2023. This survey provides insight on the services being delivered for adults, and children and young people, living with ME. A copy of the survey is attached.

In relation to the training of health and social care professionals, it is the duty of clinicians to keep themselves appraised of best practice, in particular guidance issued by the NICE. The Department is working with NHS England to develop an e-learning course on ME for healthcare professionals, with the aim of supporting staff to be able to provide better care and improve patient outcomes. This has involved feedback and input from the ME Research Collaborative (MERC) Patient Advisory Group. The Medical Schools Council will promote the NHS England e-learning package on ME to all United Kingdom medical schools, and encourage medical schools to provide undergraduates with direct patient experience of ME.

The Department published My full reality: an interim delivery plan for ME/CFS in August 2023, which sets out a number of actions to improve the experiences and outcomes for people living with the condition, including better education of professionals and improvements to service provision. More information about the interim plan is available on the GOV.UK website, in an online only format.

Alongside the publication of the interim delivery plan, we ran a public consultation to build a picture of how well the plan meets the needs of the ME community, and to understand if there are any gaps where further action may be necessary. The Department is currently analysing over 3,000 responses to the consultation on the interim delivery plan on ME, and will publish a final delivery plan later this year.

In relation to the monitoring of social care provision for individuals with ME, the Department has made a landmark shift in how we hold local authorities to account for their adult social care duties, through a new Care Quality Commission (CQC) assessment. The CQC will examine how well local authorities deliver their Care Act duties, increasing transparency and accountability and, most importantly, driving improved outcomes for people, including those with ME, who draw on care and support. The CQC completed five pilot assessments and is now rolling out assessment to all local authorities.

Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask His Majesty's Government why NHS England has decided to allow the prescription of gender affirming hormones as a routine commissioning treatment option for young people from around their 16th birthday after only a literature review and without consulting medical and other specialists, or taking note other countries’ experience of such hormones.

Answered by Lord Markham - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)

NHS England has not adopted a new policy for gender-affirming hormones since 2016. NHS England made a consequential amendment to their gender-affirming hormones policy to bring it into alignment with the new puberty suppressing hormones policy. This planned update was set out in the puberty suppressing hormones policy consultation documents.

NHS England has put additional safeguards on the use of cross-sex hormones, including that any prescription to young people aged between 16 to 18 must be approved by a national multi-disciplinary team.

NHS England will continue to review the gender affirming hormone policy in line with the latest clinical advice and take note of recommendations set out once the Cass Review has delivered its final report.

Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, how many children of which biological sex were prescribed puberty blockers in each year since 2010.

Answered by Maria Caulfield - Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Department for Business and Trade) (Minister for Women)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or ‘puberty blockers’ are used to treat several medical conditions in children and young people. These include precocious puberty, some forms of cancer, endometriosis and gender dysphoria. Information on biological sex is not held in the format requested.

Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask His Majesty's Government why the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2020 evidence review of gender-affirming hormones for children and adolescents with gender dysphoria was not referenced in the list of resources which informed NHS England’s decision on the prescription of gender-affirming hormones for children and adolescents.

Answered by Lord Markham - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)

NHS England has not adopted a new policy for gender-affirming hormones. NHS England made a consequential amendment to their gender-affirming hormones policy to bring it into alignment with the new puberty suppressing hormones policy. This planned update was set out in the puberty suppressing hormones policy consultation documents.

NHS England has put additional safeguards on the use of cross-sex hormones, for instance that any prescription to young people aged between 16 and 18 years old must be approved by a national multi-disciplinary team.

NHS England will continue to review the gender affirming hormone policy in line with the latest clinical advice, and will take note of recommendations set out in the Cass Review, once the final report has been delivered.

Question to the Department for Work and Pensions:

To ask His Majesty's Government, following the child poverty statistics published on 21 March, what plans they have to initiate a cross-government strategy to address child poverty.

Answered by Viscount Younger of Leckie - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Work and Pensions)

The Department for Work and Pensions already works consistently across Government to support the most vulnerable households. This includes a cross-government senior officials’ group on poverty.

Question to the Department for Education:

To ask His Majesty's Government what is the educational attainment gap for blind and visually impaired students at (1) Key Stage 2, (2) GCSE, and (3) A Level; by what date, if any, they aim to eradicate that gap; and what additional research have they undertaken, or do they intend to undertake, to support work in this area.

Answered by Baroness Barran - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Education)

Data is collected on pupils receiving either special educational needs support or have an Education, Health and Care (EHC) plan and their primary category of need. The links below provide the attainment of pupils assessed as having a primary need of ‘visual impairment’ and how this compares to other pupils:

• Key stage 2: data for the 2022/23 year is in the table atttached.
• Key stage 4: data for the 2022/23 year is in the table attached.
• A level: data for the 2022/23 year is in the table attached.

The department wants all children and young people to be able to reach their full potential and to receive the right support to succeed in their education and as they move into adult life. The department is creating a new single national special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) and alternative provision system for how needs are identified and met across EHC. This new single national system will set standards on what support should be made available in mainstream settings, including for children with visual impairments.

The department is committed to ensuring a steady supply of teachers of children with sensory impairments in both specialist and mainstream settings. To teach a class of pupils with sensory impairments, a teacher is required to hold the relevant mandatory qualification (MQSI). There are currently six providers of the MQSI, with a seventh available from September 2024. In addition, the Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education is developing a new occupational standard for teachers of sensory impairment, which is expected to launch in 2025.

The national curriculum tests are designed and modified to ensure they are accessible to visually impaired pupils. Access arrangements can be agreed with exam boards before an assessment for candidates with specific needs, including SEND, to help them access assessments to show what they know and can do without changing the demands of the assessment. The intention behind an access arrangement is to meet the needs of an individual candidate without affecting the integrity of the assessment.

Children and young people with SEND have more access to assistive technology (AT) following investment in remote education and accessibility features which can reduce or remove barriers to learning. Following the promising results of a pilot training programme in 2022 to increase mainstream school staff confidence using assistive technology, the government extended training to capture more detailed data on the impact on teachers and learners. The independent evaluation will be published in May 2024. The department is also now researching the AT skills required by staff at special schools, including those working with blind and visually impaired students.

Question to the Department for Education:

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Barran on 19 February (HL2185), what steps they are taking to ensure financial literacy education is actually reaching the most disadvantaged students.

Answered by Baroness Barran - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Education)

It is crucial that all pupils are equipped with the knowledge and tools to manage their finances well in later life. That is why financial education is embedded in the national curriculum for mathematics at key stages 1 to 4, and in citizenship at key stages 3 and 4.

The national curriculum is compulsory for maintained schools, but all schools are measured by Ofsted on having a broad and balanced curriculum which is comparable to the national curriculum. As with other aspects of the curriculum, schools can choose how to teach financial education and they can tailor what they teach to make sure all pupils are taught what they need to know.

The Levelling Up White Paper identified 55 Education Investment Areas where the department will implement a package of measures to drive school improvement and accelerate progress towards the department’s 2030 ambition that 90% of pupils meet the expected standards in reading, writing and mathematics at the end of primary school and that the average mathematics and English GCSE grade increases to a 5.

There is a range of financial education support for schools. For example, Oak National Academy, an Arm’s Length Body, has published its initial mathematics resources, with the full curriculum available by this autumn. As part of this, Oak is exploring including additional lessons in real life mathematics. Secondary citizenship resources will become available from autumn 2024 and will be complete by autumn 2025. The Money and Pensions Service has published guidance for schools and there is specialist support for fraud and tax education from the Home Office and HMRC respectively.

The department also works closely with the Money and Pensions Service which exists to help people make the most of their money and pensions, particularly those most in need and those most vulnerable to financial insecurity. The Money and Pensions Service has invested £1.1 million in financial education programmes to support children and young people in vulnerable circumstances and has published guidance to help children and young people's services to embed financial wellbeing into the services they offer.

Question to the Department for Education:

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the percentage of areas where there is a shortage of childcare facilities and providers to provide their commitment of free childcare hours.

Answered by Baroness Barran - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Education)

There were 15,100 more childcare places in 2023 than the previous year, with 12,900 paid staff added to the same period according to the department’s latest Childcare and early years provider survey (2023).

To support providers to expand their provision further, the department is investing over £400 million of additional funding to uplift the hourly rate for the entitlements next year. This investment consists of £67 million in new funding to reflect the latest National Living Wage increase, an additional £57 million to support providers in respect of teachers’ pay and pensions, and the £288 million for the existing entitlements in 2024/25 announced in the Spring Budget in March 2023. It also builds on the £204 million of additional investment to increase funding rates this year. To further support the sector delivering the expansion of childcare support, the government is confirming that the hourly rate providers are paid to deliver the free hours offers will increase in line with the metric used at Spring Budget 2023 for the next two years. This reflects that workforce costs are the most significant costs for childcare providers and represents an estimated additional £500 million of investment over two years. Additionally, hundreds of thousands of children aged 3 and 4 are registered for a 30-hour place, saving eligible working parents up to £6,900 per child per year, helping even more working parents and making a real difference to the lives of those families.

Local authorities are responsible for ensuring that the provision of childcare is sufficient to meet the requirements of parents in their area. The department has regular contact with each local authority in England about their sufficiency of childcare, including supporting them through our childcare delivery support contract where appropriate.

The government has allocated £100 million in capital funding to local authorities to support the expansion of childcare places and the supply of wraparound care. The funding is anticipated to deliver thousands of new places across the country.

On top of the department’s funding reforms, it is also providing significant support for local authorities to deliver the early years expansion from April, such as:

• Appointing a delivery support contractor (Childcare Works) to provide local authorities with support, advice, guidance and best practice sharing to help them deliver the expansion and deliver enough childcare places for residents. Coram are part of the Childcare Works consortium, and the department is delighted to be working with them to support local authorities to deliver.
• Providing £12 million of delivery support funding to local authorities in financial year 2023/24, to help them meet the costs associated with the rollout.
• In February 2024, the department launched a new national recruitment campaign for the early years and childcare sector, ‘Do something Big, Work with small children’, and a financial incentives pilot. Eligible joiners and returners will receive a tax-free payment of up to £1,000. This followed the introduction of workforce flexibilities to the Early Years Foundation Stage in January 2024.
• The department has also introduced Skills Bootcamps for Early Years which will create a pathway to accelerated Level 3 Early Years Apprenticeships.

Question to the Department for Education:

To ask His Majesty's Government what additional support they are providing to enable local authorities and childcare providers to meet demand arising from their commitment to provide free childcare hours.

Answered by Baroness Barran - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Education)

There were 15,100 more childcare places in 2023 than the previous year, with 12,900 paid staff added to the same period according to the department’s latest Childcare and early years provider survey (2023).

To support providers to expand their provision further, the department is investing over £400 million of additional funding to uplift the hourly rate for the entitlements next year. This investment consists of £67 million in new funding to reflect the latest National Living Wage increase, an additional £57 million to support providers in respect of teachers’ pay and pensions, and the £288 million for the existing entitlements in 2024/25 announced in the Spring Budget in March 2023. It also builds on the £204 million of additional investment to increase funding rates this year. To further support the sector delivering the expansion of childcare support, the government is confirming that the hourly rate providers are paid to deliver the free hours offers will increase in line with the metric used at Spring Budget 2023 for the next two years. This reflects that workforce costs are the most significant costs for childcare providers and represents an estimated additional £500 million of investment over two years. Additionally, hundreds of thousands of children aged 3 and 4 are registered for a 30-hour place, saving eligible working parents up to £6,900 per child per year, helping even more working parents and making a real difference to the lives of those families.

Local authorities are responsible for ensuring that the provision of childcare is sufficient to meet the requirements of parents in their area. The department has regular contact with each local authority in England about their sufficiency of childcare, including supporting them through our childcare delivery support contract where appropriate.

The government has allocated £100 million in capital funding to local authorities to support the expansion of childcare places and the supply of wraparound care. The funding is anticipated to deliver thousands of new places across the country.

On top of the department’s funding reforms, it is also providing significant support for local authorities to deliver the early years expansion from April, such as:

• Appointing a delivery support contractor (Childcare Works) to provide local authorities with support, advice, guidance and best practice sharing to help them deliver the expansion and deliver enough childcare places for residents. Coram are part of the Childcare Works consortium, and the department is delighted to be working with them to support local authorities to deliver.
• Providing £12 million of delivery support funding to local authorities in financial year 2023/24, to help them meet the costs associated with the rollout.
• In February 2024, the department launched a new national recruitment campaign for the early years and childcare sector, ‘Do something Big, Work with small children’, and a financial incentives pilot. Eligible joiners and returners will receive a tax-free payment of up to £1,000. This followed the introduction of workforce flexibilities to the Early Years Foundation Stage in January 2024.
• The department has also introduced Skills Bootcamps for Early Years which will create a pathway to accelerated Level 3 Early Years Apprenticeships.

Question to the Department for Education:

To ask His Majesty's Government what percentage of (1) primary, and (2) secondary, schools currently provide breakfast clubs.

Answered by Baroness Barran - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Education)

The government is committed to continuing support for breakfast clubs in England in schools in disadvantaged areas. Up to £40 million is being invested to continue the department’s national programme until July 2025. This funding will support up to 2,700 schools in disadvantaged areas in England, meaning thousands of children from low income families will be offered free nutritious breakfasts to better support their attainment, wellbeing and readiness to learn. Schools are eligible for the programme if they have 40% or more pupils from deprived households, as measured by the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index.

The department does not currently hold recent data on the percentage of schools that provide breakfast clubs. As of November 2022, over 2,100 schools signed up to the programme, of which 65% were primary and 23% secondary.

The recruitment process is still underway for schools that wish to sign up. In March 2023, 2,500 schools had signed up to the programme and the department will work with its supplier, Family Action, to monitor and publish updated data in due course.

​The government is very supportive of school breakfasts and the contribution these can make to children’s wellbeing and learning. ​Alongside our national programme, there are a number of organisations such as Magic Breakfast, Kellogg’s and Greggs providing valuable support to schools with a breakfast provision.

Question to the Department for Education:

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the percentage of eligible families who will be able to take advantage of free childcare care hours committed by April.

Answered by Baroness Barran - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Education)

In the 2023 Spring Budget, my right hon. Friend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, announced that free childcare would be extended to children of eligible working parents in England from nine months old to support increased parental engagement in the labour market.

The proportion of eligible parents who will take up the new entitlement is provisionally estimated to be around 75% for those with children aged two, around 60% for those with children aged one and around 35% for those with children under the age of one. These estimates are detailed in a policy costing information note, which was published in July 2023. The information note can be found in the attachment.

Data on actual take up of the entitlement for children aged two from April 2024 will be collected via the early years census in January 2025, and published in June or July 2025.

Question to the Department for Work and Pensions:

To ask His Majesty's Government, following the release of data showing that the number of children living in absolute poverty has risen by the highest rate in 30 years, what steps they are taking to address the increase in child poverty rates.

Answered by Viscount Younger of Leckie - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Work and Pensions)

These statistics cover 2022/23, a year when war in Ukraine and global supply chain challenges led to unexpected and high rates on inflation, averaging 10% over the year. These factors are reflected in the statistics. In response to these pressures, the Government provided an unprecedented cost of living support package which helped to shield households from the impact of inflation. Analysis shows that the Government’s cost of living support prevented 1.3 million people from falling into absolute poverty after housing costs in 2022/23. That includes 300,000 children, 600,000 working-age adults and 400,000 pensioners.

Since the period covered by these statistics, the Government has taken firm action to support families on the lowest incomes. The Government has spent around £276bn through the welfare system in 2023/24, including around £125bn on people of working age and children. We took action to support those on the lowest incomes by uprating benefits and State Pensions by 10.1% from April 2023. We are continuing to support people in 2024/25 by uprating working age benefits by 6.7% and raising the Local Housing Allowance rates to the 30^th percentile of local market rents, benefiting 1.6 million low-income households.

With over 900,000 vacancies across the UK, our focus remains firmly on supporting parents to move into and progress in work, an approach which is based on clear evidence about the importance of parental employment - particularly where it is full-time - in substantially reducing the risk of child poverty. The latest statistics show that in 2022/23, children living in workless households were over 6 times more likely to be in absolute poverty (after housing costs) than those where all adults work.

Question to the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office:

To ask His Majesty's Government what explanation they have received from the Sudanese authorities for an air strike on a school in South Kordofan state on 14 March, which resulted in the deaths of 11 children and two teachers and multiple injuries.

Answered by Lord Benyon - Minister of State (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office)

Our senior diplomats have used meetings with senior decision-makers in the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and other groups to raise concerns about credible reports of human rights violations. The UK continues to urge the warring parties to agree to a ceasefire, engage in a meaningful peace process, and grant immediate humanitarian access. The UK is also funding open-source investigation experts to use satellite imagery and social media to verify and preserve information relating to attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure. It is essential that those responsible for human rights violations and abuses are held to account.

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Found: HUMANITARIAN Pakistan - Girls and Out of School Action for Learning (GOAL) M&E The Girls and Out of School Children

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Found: DELETED Children 296.

Found: DELETED Children 296.

Found: information needed to deal with this claim for the Armed Forces Bereavement Scholarship Scheme for bereaved children

Found: The aim of the Armed Forces Bereavement Scholarship Scheme (AFBSS) is to provide the children of those

Found: Immigration Rules Appendix Children

Found: night state Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) Detention and escorting: safeguarding children

Found: Get emails about this page Print this page Explore the topic Mental health of children

Found: The DGIs states that “where there are dependent children under the age of 18, special consideration

Found: for Education (DfE) has introduced the Online Education Accreditation Scheme (OEAS) to reassure children

Found: (within the meaning of section 22 of the Children Act 1989) Section 4 – Business information Eligibility

Found: The Department for Education (DfE) has introduced an online accreditation scheme to reassure children

Found: Dozens of civilians, including children, have been injured or killed in the last days alone.

Found: a direct result of these aerial strikes, dozens of civilians have been injured or killed, including children

Found: Comes as government hits its target of ensuring 150,000 children gain childcare places from the new rollout

Found: Victims are ordinary hardworking people - teenagers taking on their first job, carers looking for part-time

Found: This builds on the landmark Domestic Abuse Act, which formally recognises children as victims in their

Found: seven times more likely to be in absolute poverty than those in households where all adults work, while children

Found: The show is coupled with a separate workshop for young children based on the children’s book, Onisere

Found: mental health support to members of the community affected by t he Grenfell Tower tragedy, including children

Found: mental health support to members of the community affected by the Grenfell Tower tragedy, including for children

Found: President, over 200 aid workers have died, over 33,000 Palestinian civilians, including 12,000 children

Found: The free resources are available to teachers, parents and children across Northern Ireland and the rest

Found: IICSA investigations, they spoke to survivors from the privately-run Bryn Alyn home in Wrexham, where children

Found: It has already treated more than 3,000 people, almost half of them children. 

Found: changes, 485,000 hard-working families will gain an average of £1,260 towards the costs of raising their children

Found: programme to get over 900,000 young people into playing cricket over next five years, including 80,000 children

Found: This performing art space supports children with additional needs and theatre lovers who want to pursue

Found: for Development and Africa Andrew Mitchell said: Every woman has the right to choose whether she has children

Found: tourism economy, they enable long-distance transport connectivity, and are also used to transport many children

Found: tourism economy, they enable long-distance transport connectivity, and are also used to transport many children

Found: tourism economy, they enable long-distance transport connectivity, and are also used to transport many children

Found: Safety in the children and young people secure estate: Update to September 2024

Found: Provision for children under five in England: January 2024

Found: Safety in the children and young people secure estate: Update to March 2024

Found: pilot team Northumberland Teen engagement and increased touch points (re life skills/opportunities) children

Found: The project team organised group sessions involving parents, children, schools, and other partners in

Found: may be the average length of placements (a proxy for the improvement in quality of matches between children

Found: Impact ALS Children: Reduction in % of children and young people in the games region (West Midlands)

Found: assist prisoners with reading, and Storybook Dads (which helps pri soners to record a story for their children

Found: meet the age, independent life, care and relationship requirements for a dependent child in Appendix Children

Found: DELETED Children 296.

Found: meet the age, independent life, care and relationship requirements for a dependent child in Appendix Children

Found: Get emails about this page Print this page Related content Collection Children

Found: • they claim to be adults but are suspected to be children • they are accepted to be children, but

Found: November 2003) unsurprisingly notes a significantly below Bristol average of households with dependent children

Found: The DGIs states that “where there are dependent children under the age of 18, special consideration

Found: Children in rural areas tend to leave school earlier than in urban areas, on average. 0%10%20%30%40%

Found: Child Gravity Matrix Children

Found: Children are referred to us from the police who are on the Child Gravity Matrix and assessed as being

Found: For Turnaround children what was the reason for non-completion Choose an item.

Found: summer holiday-makers, as well as Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, of the importance of ensuring they and any children

Found: He referred to having made it his goal to provide that support for children in the course of his

Found: The school is a community primary school for children aged four to eleven. 2.

Found: the product is not roasted then it will be eaten with the fingers, perhaps having been cut up for children

Found: help us build an Ofsted that is trusted by the professionals we inspect and regulate, as well as the children

Found: The free resources are available to teachers, parents and children across Northern Ireland and the rest

Found: The children of Gaza need a humanitarian pause immediately, leading to a long-term sustainable ceasefire

Found: programme to get over 900,000 young people into playing cricket over next five years, including 80,000 children

Found: TACO can occur in any individual of any age, including elderly people, children, and neonates.

Found: There are also those who retired in ill -health and dependants (including children).

Found: Children and dependants’ pensions The cost to the scheme of paying existing and future pensions to children

Found: Evidence also shows t hat people who start smoking as teenagers have higher levels of nicotine dependence

Found: Moreover, where are the studies which show that healthy children and adults need(ed) these vaccines in

Found: , as has the number of children in custody.

Found: Details The Youth Justice Board strategy for delivering positive outcomes for children by reducing

Found: Bwrdd Cyfiawnder Ieuenctid a’r Y Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder (2021) Canfu Assessing the needs of sentenced children

Found: , as has the number of children in custody.

Found: Our vision A youth justice system that sees children as children first, treats them fairly and helps

Found: Safety in the children and young people secure estate: Update to March 2024

Found: assist prisoners with reading, and Storybook Dads (which helps pri soners to record a story for their children

Found: regarding what the net increase in the number of Ofsted registered childcare places suitable for i) children

Found: Question regarding the net increase per quarter of the number of Ofsted-registered childcare places for children

Found: Question regarding the net increase per quarter of the number of Ofsted-registered childcare places for children

Found: Child maintenance payments can help to keep children out of poverty.

Found: Child maintenance payments can help to keep children out of poverty .

Found: Child maintenance payments can help to keep children out of poverty.

Found: campaigns such as our Kids For A Quid offer , which is available throughout the year and allows four children

Found: all adults in Scotland (67%) are living with overweight (including obesity), with one third (33%) of children

Found: Delegated powers in the Children (Care and Justice) (Scotland) Bill (as amended at Stage 2) A report

Found: for those children •presence of Limited Capability for Work Related Activity (LCWRA); and •presence

Found: services across Parliamentary Commissioners, as well as the option of merging the Commissioner for Children

Found: (or person with humanitarian protection) to be joined by their spouse or partner, and any dependent children

Found: curriculum-for-excellence/curriculum-for-excellence-documents/experiences-and-outcomes/).The path most children

Found: killing of British nationals among at least 35,000 dead – the majority of whom are innocent women and children

Found: following competition: currently SCIAF, British Red Cross, Oxfam Scotland, Islamic Relief, Save the Children

Found: diversity of Scottish society, in order to support improved lea rning and societal outcomes for all children

Found: PHASE 2 (CRE - MMR) 6 Sep 23 21 RSL Mid Market Rent City of Edinburgh ROYAL HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN

Found: Parent Club which will highlight enquire and other services.Action: Action PC2 was discussed: COSLA’s Children

Found: Average (median) worked hours per working-age adult in households with children where someone is in paid

Found: poverty target measures by priority group, ScotlandThis workbook contains nine tables, one for all children

Found: Proportion of children in working households, and the share who is in relative poverty after housing

Found: Proportion of children in each child poverty priority group who are in either only one or in multiple

Found: describes the scale of poverty for certain groups of people.Numbers tables show the numbers of people (or children

Found: income deciles (AHC)294.0785.4724.7652.9174.320.5559803962014/15 - 2016/17and incomeHouseholds with children

Found: RELEASE FROM CUSTODY (SCOTLAND) ACT 2023 OUT OF SCOPE CHILD PROTECTION OUT OF SCOPE CHILDREN

Found: Free Bikes For Children pilot scheme: FOI release

Found: provided to Disclosure Scotland to support delivery of the Disclosure Act , which focuses on safeguarding children

Found: provided to Disclosure Scotland to support delivery of the Disclosure Act, which focuses on safeguarding children

Found: ollowing terms: “ENDS”, “e -cigarettes”, “vapes”, “vaping”, “youth”, “young people”, “adolescents”, “teenagers

Found: ts in Mental Health (Adult and Older People’s Mental Health; Learning Disabilities and Autism; and Children

Found: stakeholder and press communication as an elected member. 15 • Engaging with ‘seldom heard’ groups such as children

Found: Would Scotland consider signing the Declaration of Children, Youth and Climate Action?

Question

To ask the Scottish Government when it expects to introduce a bill on ending conversion practices.

Answered by Roddick, Emma - Minister for Equalities, Migration and Refugees

The Scottish Government is committed to introduce legislation to end conversion practices in Scotland that is as comprehensive as possible within devolved competence.

Conversion practices, which aim to change or suppress a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity, are damaging and destructive acts that violate people’s human rights. Whilst our proposals will protect people from the harms of conversion practices, our approach also recognises and respects established rights and freedoms. This includes freedom of thought, conscience and belief and private and family life as well as parents exercising their rights and responsibilities in relation to their children.

Our public consultation, containing detailed proposals, ran for 12 weeks and closed on 2 April 2024. Responses to that consultation will now be analysed and considered.

Future legislative programmes will be announced in relevant Programmes for Government in the usual way.

Question

To ask the Scottish Government what data it collects about care experienced young people's school (a) attendance, (b) achievement, (c) attainment and (d) positive destinations; how any such data is analysed, and when it will next be reviewed.

Answered by Gilruth, Jenny - Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills

Data on education outcomes of care experienced young people is collected and published as part of the annual Education Outcomes of Looked After Children (EOLAC) Official Statistics publication. This covers pupils in publicly funded mainstream schools in the 32 local authorities, and one grant aided school. For the latest EOLAC 2021-22 publication, information was linked from:

• Looked After Children statistics, 2008-09 - 2021/22
• School Leaver Initial destination data
• School Leaver Follow-up Destination data
• Achievement of Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) Levels data

Information on the methodology used to match looked after children’s data is available in the background notes of the EOLAC 2021-22 publication. The latest education outcomes for looked after children statistics include analysis for:

• All children looked after within the year
• Children looked after for the full year
• Children looked after for part of the year
• Children who had been looked after at some point for any duration since age 5, and since age 12. These statistics were published for the first time in the 2021-22 publication as Experimental Statistics.

The experimental statistics will be reviewed before the next iteration of the statistics, planned for publication in August 2024.

Data on (b) achievement , (c) attainment and (d) positive destinations is collected annually. Further information on the types of analysis breakdowns provided for these education outcomes can be found in the supporting Tables document of the 2021-22 publication. Data on (a) attendance is collected every second year, and was last published in 2020-21. Further information on the types of analysis breakdowns provided for attendance can be found in the supporting Tables document of the 2020-21 publication. Information on the groups each of these education outcomes is analysed for can be found in the respective section of the publication report, as per the hyperlinks provided above.

Question

To ask the Scottish Government how many inpatient beds for children and young people have been available in each NHS board in each year since 1999.

Answered by Gray, Neil - Cabinet Secretary for NHS Recovery, Health and Social Care

Table 1 provides the average available number of staffed beds that were recorded for paediatric/child and adolescent specialties in Scotland for each year from 2001-02 to 2022-23. Information on bed numbers prior to 2001-02 is not available. A figure showing the amount of these beds that were recorded for psychiatric child specialties is also provided.

Due to the way specialties are recorded for beds data, it is not possible to use the Public Health Scotland beds statistics to estimate the total number of beds that are available for use by different services and/or departments. For example, selecting the Paediatric specialty grouping will only provide a partial picture of the staffed beds that are used for children’s services. This is because many beds used for children are not recorded under paediatric specialties and are instead recorded under more specific specialties, such as Haematology, Neurology and Respiratory Medicine.

Furthermore, the specialty recorded for a bed depends partly on what the patient is being treated for: therefore, for some wards, the mix of specialties may change over time.

Due to the volume of data included, a table including a full breakdown by NHS Board has been placed in the Scottish Parliament Information Centre (Bib. Number 64979).

Table 1: Average available staffed beds in paediatric/child & adolescent specialties, NHSScotland, 2001-02 – 2022-23

Question

To ask the Scottish Government what work it is undertaking to ensure that a more preventative approach to the health and wellbeing of young people is being adopted within communities across all government portfolio areas.

Answered by Minto, Jenni - Minister for Public Health and Women's Health

The Scottish Government wants to ensure that every child can attain the highest level of health and wellbeing possible.

Between pre-birth and starting school, all children in Scotland are entitled to support from our universal Health Visiting service. In addition, 3- and 4-year-olds are entitled to 1,140 hours of funded early learning and childcare (ELC). We have also invested in targeted early years interventions such as the Family Nurse Partnership, ELC funding for eligible 2-year-olds and perinatal and infant mental health services. This work is underpinned by our Early Child Development Transformational Change Programme which focuses on prevention, better integration of policies, identifying policy and implementation gaps, and building collaboration across the whole system.

The health and wellbeing of school-aged children is also supported by Curriculum for Excellence (CfE). Health and Wellbeing is one of the eight curricular areas in CfE and is one of the three core areas that are the responsibility of all staff in a school. Furthermore, the Scottish Government has invested in the recruitment of School Nurses and School Counsellors, both of whom are able to prevent the escalation of health and wellbeing concerns.

Our work across all child health and wellbeing interventions continues to be guided by ‘Getting it right for every child’ (GIRFEC). GIRFEC is embedded across Scottish Government portfolios and helps to safeguard, support and promote the health and wellbeing of all children and young people.

Question

To ask the Scottish Government what it is doing to (a) promote the use of British Sign Language (BSL) in public spaces and (b) improve the availability of BSL education, in light of the aims of Sign Language Week, which takes place from 18 to 24 March 2024.

Answered by Gilruth, Jenny - Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills

The Scottish Government recognises the importance of Sign Language Week in promoting British Sign Language (BSL) given its positive impact on both culture and community in Scotland. During this week the First Minister and Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills reiterated support of BSL and the Scottish Government’s commitments within the BSL National Plan 2023 – 2029.

In response to (a), the Scottish Government published the BSL National Plan 2023 – 2029 in November 2023. This plan sets out our approach to making Scotland the best place in the world for BSL users to live, visit, work, and learn; it sets out 45 commitments across ten priority areas including health, education, and justice. The BSL (Scotland) Act 2015 also requires listed authorities to publish their own Authority Plans; they are our key partners in promoting the use of BSL in public spaces.

In response to (b), the Additional Support for Learning Act places education authorities under duties to identify, provide for and review the additional support needs of their pupils, including those affected by deafness. The level of support required, and input from a specialist teacher of deaf children and young people, will vary depending on a child’s individual needs. To support deaf children and young people the Scottish Government provides funding of £150,000 to The Scottish Sensory Centre to support staff training enabling effective support to deaf pupils. In addition, Education Scotland has developed a professional learning resource which seeks to support practitioners to engage more effectively with British Sign Language users. This can be found on their website at the following link: https://education.gov.scot/resources/good-practice-in-working-with-deaf-learners-their-parents-and-families-bsl-plan/

Education Scotland has published a BSL toolkit setting out the key national legislation and General Teaching Council for Scotland standards which practitioners should be aware of when working with BSL users. Information to help practitioners understand BSL, Deaf culture and identity is provided throughout the Toolkit alongside some of the key definitions and terms used when working with parents and families. You can view the Toolkit here: British Sign Language (BSL) - Toolkit for Practitioners | Resources | Education Scotland . Education Scotland also published resources to help families support their children’s learning, which can be found at: BSL | Parentzone Scotland | Education Scotland

Question

To ask the Scottish Government what targeted training is currently offered to teachers to help them to assess, monitor and improve the health and wellbeing of pupils.

Answered by Gilruth, Jenny - Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills

In June 2021, the Scottish Government published a new professional learning resource for school staff aimed at providing essential learning required to support children and young people’s mental health and wellbeing https://www.cypmh.co.uk/

Education Scotland also offers a comprehensive suite of professional learning resources to support teachers in assessing, monitoring, and enhancing the health and wellbeing of pupils. These include trauma-informed training delivered to over 1,000 practitioners in collaboration with NHS Education for Scotland. Additional Education Scotland resources, such as the Cycle of Wellbeing and Positive Mental Wellbeing guide practitioners in fostering positive change, are also available.

The Inclusion, Wellbeing, and Equalities Professional Learning Framework , launched by Education Scotland in November 2023, further supports educators in building capacity and understanding across the four key themes of Inclusion, Rights and Equalities, Relationships and Wellbeing and Care.

Question

To ask the Scottish Government what support it is providing to (a) NHS boards and (b) local authorities to ensure that there is sufficient funding for the training of (i) audiologists, (ii) speech and language therapists and (iii) teachers of the deaf in the provision of Auditory Verbal therapy to help improve outcomes and opportunities for deaf children.

Answered by Minto, Jenni - Minister for Public Health and Women's Health

Auditory Verbal therapy is one of a number of methods used to provide support for deaf children. NHS Boards and local authorities are responsible for ensuring the services they deliver best meet the needs of their local population.

As such, any decisions around provisions of training for staff in any of the professions described should be made locally following a thorough assessment of needs.

Question

To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on what steps are being taken to ensure that there is sufficient funding for the training of Auditory Verbal therapists to enable all deaf children to have the opportunity to access this specialist support.

Answered by Minto, Jenni - Minister for Public Health and Women's Health

There are no plans at present for any additional funding of additional Auditory Verbal therapists.

Question

To ask the Scottish Government what steps are being taken to ensure equitable access to Auditory Verbal therapy for all deaf children under the age of five whose families want them to learn to listen and speak.

Answered by Minto, Jenni - Minister for Public Health and Women's Health

Auditory Verbal UK is a suitable therapeutic intervention for some young people, and it remains an option that can be pursued by local health boards.

The provision of services including suitable therapeutic intervention remains a matter for local authorities and health boards.

Question

To ask the Scottish Government, further to the answer to question S6O-03226 by Siobhian Brown on 20 March 2024, in relation to the offences under the Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles (Scotland) Act 2022, how many people have been (a) arrested, (b) charged, (c) prosecuted and (d) convicted, also broken down by the (i) offence and (ii) court disposal.

Answered by Brown, Siobhian - Minister for Victims and Community Safety

Figures on arrests or charges related to particular offences are not held centrally by the Scottish Government, the most recent figures shared by Police Scotland were provided in the answer to question S6W-21328 on 27 September 2023. All answers to written Parliamentary Questions are available on the Parliament's website, the search facility for which can be found at https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/written-questions-and-answers .

Up until the end of February 2024, 40 charges under the Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles (Scotland) Act 2022 were reported to the Procurator Fiscal. Of those 40 charges, 20 charges have thus far been prosecuted. There have been 4 convictions, 2 charges did not result in a conviction, and the other 14 charges are part of ongoing prosecutions. A breakdown of prosecutions by offence are set out below:

• Section 21 (Prohibition on providing fireworks or pyrotechnic articles to children): T here have been a total of 5 prosecutions. These are all ongoing at present.
• Section 35 (Prohibition of pyrotechnic articles in public places): There have been a total of 7 prosecutions. There has been 1 conviction while the other 6 are ongoing at present.
• Section 36 (Prohibition of pyrotechnic articles at designated venues or events): T here have been a total of 8 prosecutions. There has been 3 convictions and 2 acquittals, while a further 3 are ongoing at present. One of the cases which is still ongoing under this section is also aggravated as per Section 44 of the Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles (Scotland) Act 2022.
• Section 44 (Aggravation of offences against emergency workers): 77 aggravations have been recorded. Thus far, there have been 8 prosecutions, and 1 conviction.

Question

To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide a breakdown of (a) how and (b) where the budget allocated for active travel was spent, in each financial year from 2020-21 to 2023-24.

Answered by Harvie, Patrick - Minister for Zero Carbon Buildings, Active Travel and Tenants' Rights

The Active Travel Budget is an annually set allocation from the overall Scottish Transport Budget. The Active Travel Programme contains a blend of Grants awarded in accordance with the Scottish public Finance Manual, contracts drawn down from Scottish Government procurement frameworks, and budget transfers to support investments managed in other areas of the portfolio. A breakdown of years 2020-21 to 2023-24 is set out in the following table;

In England, Scotland, and Wales, it's not illegal for someone between the ages of five and 17 to drink alcohol at home or on other private premises. But this does not mean it is recommended. The best advice for young people's health and wellbeing is an alcohol-free childhood.

It was brought to my attention by Police Scotland and social services that children are allowed to consume alcohol from age 5 in their home or private premises.

There is a focus to increase the cost of alcohol to help tackle problems. Scotland has issues with many adults abusing alcohol. I believe this situation doesn't help. We need to support our children to make the right decisions and not hide behind loop-holes in the law but instead change them.

Found: Change the law and prevent children aged 5 to 17 from drinking alcohol in their home or other private

Found: ____________________ 27 Alcohol industry _______________________________________________________ 27 Children

Found: ___________________ 16 Companies: the Companies Act 2006, sections 994-999, and the common law __17 Children